Data & method
The globalization of European football
The records and choices behind this chart.
Dataset
European football: files, columns and available downloads ↗
1996–2025 · 465,479 club rows
Method
Filter to the five leagues used in the chart and season starts through 2024. Count distinct players by league, season and domestic/foreign nationality, then apply a three-year rolling average. Dual nationality and squad coverage affect the definition.
Check the scope
These notes describe the analysis method and current compiled export. A historical chart may use an earlier snapshot; use the file checksum and coverage notes when reproducing or updating it.