{
  "title": "Debit cards took the lead: Australia, 2007–2025",
  "geography": "Australia",
  "source": "RBA 2025 Consumer Payments Survey; Table 1 in Consumer Payment Behaviour in Australia",
  "source_url": "https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2026/may/consumer-payment-behaviour-in-australia.html",
  "release_date": "2026-05-28",
  "survey_years": [
    2007,
    2010,
    2013,
    2016,
    2019,
    2022,
    2025
  ],
  "unit": "Percentage of the NUMBER of consumer payments; not payment value, adults, card ownership or the whole payments system",
  "scope": {
    "consumer_payment_diaries": "Participants recorded transactions for seven days; 2025 fieldwork October to early December.",
    "2025_sample": {
      "diary_days": 7,
      "respondents_approx": 1200,
      "transactions_approx": 14000,
      "fieldwork": "October to early December 2025"
    },
    "exclusions": [
      "payments above A$9,999",
      "transfers to family and friends",
      "transport cards",
      "automatic payments"
    ]
  },
  "method": "Select the Cash, Debit cards, and Credit and charge cards rows in official Table 1. Retain every surveyed year and the published whole-percentage figures without interpolation or rebasing.",
  "plot": "Three directly labelled lines, 0–80% common scale, exact surveyed-year points. Connecting segments guide the eye; no annual observations are inferred.",
  "rounding": "Shares are source-rounded. Selected methods omit other payment types. Card is an aggregate and can differ from rounded debit + credit components (2025: 73 vs 49 + 23 = 72). Do not renormalise.",
  "claims": {
    "debit_2007": 15,
    "debit_2025": 49,
    "debit_change_percentage_points": 34,
    "cash_2007": 69,
    "cash_2025": 15,
    "cash_2022": 13,
    "latest": "Cash increased from a rounded 13% to 15%; the RBA characterises use as stable. No uninterrupted decline, statistically proven comeback, or causal attribution is claimed."
  },
  "capture_limitation": {
    "action": "Unauthenticated urllib GET of the same article URL to save local original HTML bytes",
    "outcome": "denied",
    "reason": "Remote HTTP 403 Forbidden",
    "attempts": 1,
    "retry_or_alternate_byte_route": false,
    "note": "The successful web-reader access preceded the direct-download failure."
  },
  "source_capture": "raw/rba-table1-web-extract.json is a hashed structured transcription of the accessible official web page, not original HTML bytes.",
  "id": "australia-debit-card-takeover",
  "chartAlt": "Three lines on a common 0–80% scale. Australia: debit cards 15, 22, 24, 30, 44, 51, 49%; cash 69, 62, 47, 37, 27, 13, 15%; credit and charge cards 11, 9, 19, 22, 19, 26, 23%, in survey years 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2022 and 2025.",
  "sourceSnapshotDateUTC": "2026-10-22",
  "reproduction": "Frozen source and exact artwork supplied. Python standard library rebuilds CSVs and verifies checksums; it does not rerender artwork."
}